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a.s.l. |
above sea level |
AAOE |
Airborne Antartic Ozone Experiment |
AASE |
Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition |
ACRIM |
Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor |
ADEOS |
Advanced Earth Observing Satellite |
AES |
Atmospheric Environment Service, Canada |
AFGL |
Air Force Geophysics Laboratory |
AIMES |
Analysis, Integration and Modelling of the Earth System |
AIRS |
Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder |
AL |
Aeronomy Laboratory of NOAA, USA |
ALI |
Advanced Land Imager |
AMIP |
Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (of the PCMDI) |
AMSR |
Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer |
AMSU |
Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit |
ao |
annual oscillation |
AO |
Arctic Oscillation |
AOPC |
Atmospheric Observation Panel (of GCOS) |
ARAT |
Avion de Recherche Atmospheric et Télédétection |
ARC |
NASA Ames Research Center, USA |
ARM |
Atmospheric Radiation Monitoring |
ASHOE |
Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment |
ASP |
Aerological Station, Payerne, Switzerland |
ASTER |
Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer |
ATLAS |
ATmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science |
ATMOS |
Atmospheric Trace MOlecule Spectroscopy |
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BM |
Brewer-Mast ozone sondes |
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C-SPARC |
Canadian - Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate |
CCC |
Canadian Centre for Climate, Canada |
CCM |
Community Climate Model |
CCMVal |
Coupled Chemistry-Climate Model Validation Activity for SPARC |
CCM |
Chemistry Climate Model |
CCR |
Clear Column Radiance |
CEOS |
Committee on Earth Observation Satellites |
CEPEX |
Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment |
CERES |
Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System |
CFC |
ChloroFluoroCarbon |
CIMO |
WMO Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation |
CIRA |
COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere |
CLAES |
Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (on UARS) |
CliC |
Climate and Cryosphere |
CLIVAR |
Climate Variability and Predictability Programme (a WCRP project) |
CMDL |
Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, NOAA, USA |
CNES |
Centre National des Etudes Spatiales, France |
CNRM |
Centre National de Recherche Meteorologique, France |
CNRS |
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France |
COPES |
Coordinated Observation and Prediction of the Earth System |
COSPAR |
COmmittee on SPAce Research (member of ICSU) |
CPC |
Climate Prediction Center (NOAA), USA |
CSIRO |
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization |
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DAAC |
Distributed Active Archive Center, NASA LaRC, USA |
DETR |
Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, UK |
DIAL |
DIfferential Absorption Laser Technique |
DLH |
Diode Laser Hygrometer |
DMSP |
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program |
DOE |
Departement Of Energy, USA |
DU |
Dobson Unit (ozone) |
DWD |
Deutscher WetterDienst |
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EASOE |
European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment |
ECC |
Electrochemical Concentration Cell ozone sondes |
ECMWF |
European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast |
EGS |
European Geophysical Society |
EI |
Emission Index |
EMICs |
Earth system Models of Intermediate Complexity |
ENSO |
El Nino and the Southern Oscillation |
ENVISAT |
Environmental Satellite |
EOF |
Empirical Orthogonal Function |
EOS |
Earth Observing System |
EOSDIS |
The EOS Data and Information System |
EP |
Eliassen-Palm flux |
ERB |
Earth Radiation Budget Satellite |
ERBE |
Earth Radiation Budget Experiment |
ERBS |
Earth Radiation Budget Satellite |
ERL |
Environmental Research Laboratory |
ERS |
Earth Resources Satellite |
ESA |
European Space Agency |
ESF |
European Science Foundation |
ESSP |
Earth System Science Partnership |
ETCE |
Effects of Tropical Convection Experiment |
EuroSPICE |
European Project on Stratospheric Processes and their Impact on Climate and the Environment |
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FDH |
Fixed Dynamical Heating |
FIRS |
Far-Infared Spectrometer |
FISH |
Fast In-situ Stratospheric Hygrometer |
fov |
field of view |
FTIR |
Fourier Transform Infra-Red |
FUB |
Free University of Berlin, Germany |
FWHM |
Full Width Half Maximum |
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GAW |
Global Atmosphere Watch (of WMO) |
GCM |
General Circulation Model |
GCOS |
Global Climate Observing System |
GCTE |
Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems |
GEF |
Global Environment Facility |
GEO |
Group on Earth Observations |
GEOS-DAS |
Goddard Earth Observing System - Data Assimilation System |
GEWEX |
Global Energy and Water cycle EXperiment (WCRP) |
GFDL |
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, USA |
GISS |
Goddard Institute for Space Studies, USA |
GLI |
GLobal Imager |
GLONET |
Global Ozone Network |
GNSS |
Global Navigation Satellite Systems |
GOES |
Goddard Positioning System |
GOME |
Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment |
GOMOS |
Global Ozone Monotoring by Occultation of Stars |
GOOS |
Global Ocean Observing System |
GPS |
Global Positionning System |
GRIPS |
GCM Reality Intercomparison Project for SPARC |
GSFC |
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA |
GVaP |
GEWEX Water Vapour Project |
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HALOE |
HALogen Occultation Experiment (on UARS) |
HRDI |
High Resolution Doppler Imager (on UARS) |
HIRDLS |
High-Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder |
HIRS |
High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder |
HIS |
High-resolution Interferometer Sounder |
HITRAN |
HIgh-resolution TRANsmission |
HSB |
Humidity Sounder for Brazil |
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IAGA |
International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (an IUGG association) |
ILAS-2 |
Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer 2 |
IAMAP |
International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics |
IAMAS |
International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (an IUGG association) |
IASI |
Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer |
ICMA |
International Commission for the Middle Atmosphere (a IAMAS commission) |
ICRCCM |
Intercomparison of Radiation Codes for Climate Models (WCRP) |
ICSU |
International Council of Scientific Unions |
ICTP |
International Centre for Theoretical Physics |
IGAC |
International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGBP) |
IGBP |
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (an interdisciplinary ICSU programme) |
IGOS |
Integrated Global Observing Strategy (of CEOS) |
IHDP |
International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change |
ILAS |
Imroved Limb Absorption Spectrometer |
IMD |
Indian Meteorology Department |
INDOEX |
INDian Ocean Experiment |
IOC |
International Ozone Commission (a IAMAS commission) |
IPCC |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
ISAMS |
Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder |
ISCCP |
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project |
ISCS |
International Solar Cycle Studies (a SCOSTEP project) |
IUGG |
International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (member of ICSU) |
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JGOFS |
Joint Global Ocean Flux Study |
JMA |
Japanese Meteorological Agency |
JOSIE |
Jülich Ozone Sonde Intercomparison Experiment |
JPL |
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA |
JSC |
Joint Scientific Committee, WCRP |
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KFA |
Research Centre, Jülich, Germany |
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LaRC |
Langley Research Center, USA |
LASE |
LIDAR Atmospheric Sensing Experiment |
LEO |
low-Earth orbiting |
LIDAR |
LIght Detection And Ranging |
LIMS |
Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere |
LIS |
Lightning Imaging Sensor |
LOICZ |
Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone |
LS |
Lower Stratosphere |
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MAESA |
Measurements for Assessing the Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft |
MAS |
Microwave Atmospheric Sounder |
MCTEX |
Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment (1995) |
METOP |
Meteorological Orbiting Platform |
MHS |
Microwave Humidity Sounder |
MIPAS |
Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding |
MJO |
Madden-Julian Oscillation |
MLO3 |
Mauna Loa Ozone |
MLS |
Microwave Limb Sounder (on UARS) |
MODIS |
Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer |
MOHP |
Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg, Germany |
MOPITT |
Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere |
MOZAIC |
Measurement of OZone by Airbus In-service airCraft |
MPAE |
Max-Planck Institut für Aeronomie, Germany |
MPI |
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany |
MRI |
Meteorological Research Institute, Japan |
MSU |
Microwave Sounding Unit |
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NAO |
North Atlantic Oscillation |
NASA |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA) |
NASDA |
National Space Development Agency, Japan |
NATO |
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation |
NCAR |
National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA |
NCEP |
National Center for Environmental Prediction (formerly NMC), USA |
NDSC |
Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change |
NESDIS |
National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NOAA) |
NIES |
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan |
NIST |
National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly NBS) USA |
NIWA |
National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, New Zealand |
NMC |
National Meteorological Center, USA (now NCEP) |
NMP/EO-1 |
New Millennium Program/ Earth Observing-1 |
NOAA |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USA) |
NPOESS |
National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System |
NRL |
Naval Research Laboratory, USA |
NWP |
Numerical Weather Prediction |
NWS |
National Weather Service, USA |
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OHP |
Observatoire de Haute Provence, France |
OOPC |
Ocean Observations Panel for Climate |
OPAL |
Ozone Profiler Assessment at Lauder |
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PAGES |
Past Global Changes |
PCMDI |
Programme for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (of the Environmental Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Health and Environmental research, part of the Global Change Research Programme) |
PMR |
Pressure Modulated Radiometer |
Pmse |
Polar mesospheric summer echoes |
POAM |
Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurements |
POLARIS |
Photochemistry of Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region in Summer |
POLDER |
POLarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectance |
POLINAT |
Pollution from Aircraft Emissions in the North Atlantic Flight Corridor |
ppmv |
part per million (by volume), i.e. 10-6 |
PR |
Precipitation Radar |
PSC |
Polar Stratospheric Cloud |
pv |
potential vorticity |
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QBO |
Quasi-Biennial Oscillation |
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RH |
Relative Humidity |
RIVM |
Dutch Institute of Public Health and the Environment |
RMS |
Root-Mean-Square |
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SA |
Service D'Aéronomie, CNRS |
SAGE |
Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment |
SAMS |
Stratospheric And Mesospheric Sounder |
SAO |
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory |
sao |
semi-annual oscillation |
SAOZ |
Système d'Analyse par Observation Zenithales |
SBUV |
Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument |
SCIAMACHY |
SCanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography |
SCOPE |
Scientific Committee On Problems of the Environnements |
SCOSTEP |
Scientific Committee On Solar-TErrestrial Physics (an interdisciplinary ICSU committee) |
SESAME |
Second European Stratospheric Arctic and Mid Latitude Experiment |
SOLARIS |
SOLAR Influence for SPARC |
SOLAS |
Surface Ocean and Lower Atmosphere Study |
SOLICE |
SOLar Influence on Climate and the Environment (European Research Project) |
SOLSTICE |
SOlar STellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment |
SPADE |
Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols & Dynamics Expedition |
SPARC |
Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (a WCRP project) |
ssb |
single sideband |
SSBUV |
Space Shuttle SBUV |
SSG |
Scientific Steering Group |
SSM/I |
Special Sensor Microwave Imager |
SSMT2 |
Special Sensor Microvave/Temperature 2 parameter of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program microwave instrument |
SST |
Sea-Surface Temperature |
SSU |
Stratospheric Sounding Unit |
STE |
Stratosphere-troposphere exchange |
STEP |
Solar Terrestrial Energy Programme (SCOSTEP) |
STEP |
Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Project |
STOIC |
Stratospheric Ozone Intercomparison Campaign |
STTA |
SPARC Stratospheric Temperature Trends Assessment |
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TDL |
Tuneable Diode Laser |
TIGER |
Thermal Infrared Ground Emission Radiometer |
TIGR |
TOVS Initial Guess Retrieval |
TMF |
Table Mountain Facilities |
TMI |
TRMM Microwave Imager |
TOMS |
Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer |
TOVS |
TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder |
TRMM |
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission |
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UARS |
Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite |
UCLA |
University of California at Los Angeles, USA |
UGAMP |
University Global Atmospheric Modelling Project, UK |
UKMO |
United Kingdom Meteorological Office, UK |
UNEP |
United Nations Environment Programme |
UNFCCC |
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
URAP |
UARS Reference Atmosphere Project |
UT |
Upper Troposphere |
UTH |
Upper Tropospheric Humidity |
UV |
ultraviolet |
UVA |
ultraviolet radiation between 320-400 nm |
UVB |
ultraviolet radiation between 280-320 nm |
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VIRS |
Visible Infrared Scanner |
VUV |
Vacuum Ultra Violet |
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WASPAM |
Wasserdampf und Spurengasmessungen mit Mikrowellen |
WAVAS |
SPARC Water Vapour Assessment |
WCRP |
World Climate Research Programme |
WGCM |
Working Group on Coupled Modelling (CLIVAR) |
WGNE |
Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WCRP) |
WGOA |
Working Group on Observations and Assimilation (WGOA) of the Climate System (WCRP) |
WMO |
World Meteorological Organisation |
WOUDC |
World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre |
WVEE |
Water Vapour Exchange Experiment |
WVMS |
Water Vapour Milimetre-wave Spectrometer |
WWRP |
World Weather Research Programme (of WMO) |
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IPY |
International Polar Year |