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Two simulations were performed with the ARPEGE/REPROBUS model. Each started at January 1st for 1995 conditions (Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs), [CO2], sources gases), but one uses a forced version of the models (off-line mode) while the other is a coupled simulation (on-line mode). The results (Figure 1) showed similar pre-conditioning and beginning date of the Antartic ozone hole (September 25) with the same minimum values and covered areas (October 13), but the coupled simulation gave a much longer lifetime for the stratospheric polar vortex with colder temperatures, delaying the vortex breakdown (November 20 and December 10) than the forced simulation.
Figure 1 : Southern hemisphere total ozone columns for the off-line forced model (left column) and the on-line coupled model (right column)