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References

Andrews, D. G., and M. E. McIntyre, 1976: Planetary waves in horizontal and vertical shear: The generalized Eliassen-Palm relation and the mean zonal acceleration, J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 2031-2048.

Baldwin, M. P., and T. J. Dunkerton, 1999: Propagation of the Arctic Oscillation from the stratosphere to the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30937-30946.

Charney, J. G., and P. G. Drazin, 1961: Propagation of planetary-scale disturbances from the lower into the upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 83-109.

Edmon, H. J., Jr., B. J. Hoskins, M. E. McIntyre, 1980: Eliassen-Palm cross sections for the troposphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2600-2616.

Kalnay, M. E., and coauthor, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis project, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437-471.

Thompson, D. W. J. and J. M. Wallace, 1999: Annual modes in the extratropical circulation, Part I: Month-to-month variability, J. Climate, 13, 1000-1016.


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