Bob Swap, selected publications.


Refereed Journal Articles (10)

1. V.C. Turekian, S. Macko, D. Ballentine. R. Swap, and M. Garstang. 1998. Causes of Bulk Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Fractionations in the Products of Vegetation Burns: Laboratory Studies. Chemical Geology 152:181-192.
2. M. Garstang, W.N. Ellery, T.S. McCarthy, M.C. Scholes, R.J. Scholes, R.J. Swap, and P.D. Tyson. 1998. The Contribution of Aerosol and Water-borne Nutrients to the Functioning of the Okavango Delta Ecosystem. South African Journal of Science 94:203-208.
3. P.D. Tyson, M. Garstang and R. Swap. 1996. Large-Scale Recirculation of Air over Southern Africa." J. of Appl. Meteor. 35: 2218-2236.
4. R.J. Swap, M. Garstang, S.A. Macko, P.D. Tyson, W. Maenhaut, P. Artaxo, P. Kallberg, and R. Talbot. 1996. The Long Range Transport of Southern African Aerosols to the Tropical South Atlantic. Journal of Geophysical Research 101:23,777-23,791.
5. M. Garstang, P.D. Tyson, R. Swap, M. Edwards, P. Kallberg, and J.A. Lindesay. 1996. Horizontal and Vertical Transport of Air Over Southern Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research. 101:23,777-23,791.
6. P. D. Tyson, M. Garstang, R. J. Swap, and P. Kallberg. 1996. An Air Parcel Transport Climatology for Subtropical Southern Africa. International Journal of Climatology 16:265-291.
7. R. J. Swap, S. L. Ulanski, M. Cobbett, and M. Garstang. 1996. Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Saharan Dust Outbreaks. Journal of Geophysical Research 101:4205-4220.
8. R. Swap, M. Garstang, S. Greco, R. Talbot and P. Kallberg. 1991. Saharan Dust in the Amazon Basin. Tellus 44(B):133-149.
9. S. Greco, R. Swap, M. Garstang et al. 1990. Rainfall and Surface Kinematic Conditions Over Central Amazonia During ABLE-2B. Journal of Geophysical Research 95:17,001 - 17,014.
10. M. Garstang, S. Ulanski, S. Greco, J. Scala, R. Swap, et al. 1990 The Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment (ABLE 2B): A Meteorological Perspective. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 71:19-32.

Book Chapters (6)

1. R. J. Swap, M. Garstang, S. A. Macko, P. D. Tyson, and P. Kallberg. 1996. Comparisons of Biomass Burning Emissions and Biogenic Emissions to the Tropical South Atlantic. (pp. 396-401). ). In: Biomass Burning and Global Change. Volume 1. (J. S. Levine, ed.),. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
2. M. Garstang, P. D. Tyson, E. V. Browell, and R. Swap. 1996. Large-scale Transports of Biogenic and Biomass Burning Products. (pp 389-395). In: Biomass Burning and Global Change. Volume 1. (J. S. Levine, ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
3. P. D. Tyson, M. Garstang, R. J. Swap, E. V. Browell, R. D. Diab, and A. M. Thompson. 1996. Transport and Vertical Structure of Ozone and Aerosol Distributions over Southern Africa. (pp. 403-421) ). In: Biomass Burning and Global Change. (J. S. Levine, ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
4. W. P. Gilhooly, S. A. Macko, V. C. Turekian, R. J. Swap, M. Garstang, and W. F. Ruddiman. 1996. Stable Carbon Isotopic Analysis of Charcoal from Single Plant Sources. (pp 466-471). In: Biomass Burning and Global Change. Volume 1. (J. S. Levine, ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
5. V. C. Turekian, S. A. Macko, W. P. Gilhooly, D. C. Ballentine, R. J. Swap, and M. Garstang. 1996. Bulk and Compound Specific Isotopic Characterization of the Products of Biomass Burning: Laboratory Studies. (pp. 422-427). In: Biomass Burning and Global Change. Volume 1. (J. S. Levine, ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
6. M. Garstang, C. Cosgrove, R. Swap, and S. Greco. 1988. Estimation of Tropical Rainfall. (pp.425-432). In: Tropical Rainfall Measurements. (J.S. Theon and N. Fugono, eds.), A. Deepak Publishing.

Papers in Submission (5)

1. L. Gu, J.D. Fuentes, H.H. Shugart, R. Swap. "Increases in Cloudiness and Aerosol Concentration Enhance Vegetation Photosynthesis: Implications for Global Carbon Cycle." Submitted to Nature, September 1998.
2. R. Swap, M. Garstang, S. Piketh, S. Mason and V. Connors. "Observations of CO at Midtropospheric Levels over the South Atlantic and Adjacent Continents." Submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, August 1998.
3. R.J. Swap and P.D. Tyson. "Stable Discontinuities as Determinants of the Vertical Distribution of Aerosols and Trace Gases in the Atmosphere." Submitted to South African Journal of Science, June 1998.
4. O. E. Romero, C. B. Lange, R.J. Swap and G. Wefer. "Eolian-transported Freshwater Diatoms and Phytoliths across the Equatorial Atlantic Record Temporal Changes in Saharan Dust Transport Patterns." Submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, May 1998.
5. S.J. Piketh, R.J. Swap, C.A. Anderson, P. D'Abreton, P.D. Tyson, H.J. Annegarn, and G. Held. "The Ben MacDhui High Altitude Trace Gas and Aerosol Transport Experiment." submitted to South African Journal of Science, December 1997.

Non-Refereed Publications (2)

1. Swap, R, Tyson, P., and Garstang, M. 1998. Smoke, smog and airmass residence time over southern Africa, in M. J. Wilkinson (ed.) Atmospheric Phenomena-An Astronaut Training Manual, section 5, NASA-Johnson Space Center Document JSC - 26979, pp. 176-198.
2. C. Justice, B. Swap, H. Annegarn and M. Scholes. 1998. "SAFARI-2000 A Southern African Regional Science Initiative." IGBP Global Change Newsletter, No. 35, pp. 18-20.

Conference Presentations and Proceedings (33)

1. Piketh, S.J., Tyson, P.D., Annegarn, H.J., Maenhaut, W. and Swap, R.J., "Lower-Tropospheric Aerosol Loadings over South Africa: The Relative Impacts of Aeolian Dust, Industrial Emissions and Biomass Burning." CACGP/IGAC Symposium, Seattle, Washington, 19-25 August 1998.
2. R.J. Swap, M. Garstang, W.N. Ellery, T.S. McCarthy, M.C. Scholes, R.J. Scholes and P.D. Tyson, "The Contribution of Aerosol and Water-borne Nutrients to the Functioning of the Okavango Delta Ecosystem, Botswana, Workshop on the Inverse Methods in Global Biogeochemcial Cycles, Heraklion, Greece, March 16-20, 1998.
3. Piketh, S.J., Formenti, P., Tyson, P.D., Swap, R.J., Annegarn, H.J. and Maenhaut, W., "Subcontinental scale transport of aerosols over southern Africa." IAMAS-IAPSO Conference, Presentation, Melbourne, Australia, 1-9 July, 1997.
4. R. J. Swap, S. J. Piketh, C. A. Anderson, R. W. Talbot, and S. A. Macko, "Southern African atmospheric transports and surface particulate chemistry at a remote site - implications for aerosol characterization." 5th International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography, Pretoria, South Africa, April 7-11, 1997.
5. S. J. Piketh, P. Formenti, R. J. Swap, C. Anderson, P. D. Tyson and H. J. Annegarn, "Identification and transport of industrial aerosols at a remote site in South Africa." 5th International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography, Pretoria, South Africa, April 7-11, 1997.
6. R. J. Swap, S. J. Piketh, C. A. Anderson, R. W. Talbot and S. A. Macko, "Surface Aerosol Characteristics and Transports at a Remote Site in Southern Africa." Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, San Francisco, CA., December, 1996.
7. S. J. Piketh, P. Formenti, R. J. Swap, C. A. Anderson, P. D. Tyson, H. J. Annegarn and W. Maenhaut, "Identification and Transport of Industrial Aerosols at a Remote South African Site." Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, San Francisco, CA., December, 1996.
8. R. J. Swap, S. J. Piketh and C. Anderson, "Correlation between synoptic transports and surface particulate chemistry." Thirteenth Annual Conference of the South African Society for Atmospheric Sciences Conference, Conference Proceedings, Cape Town, South Africa, 31 October - 1 November, 1996.
9. M. Garstang, P. D. Tyson, E. Browell and R. Swap, "Determination and Verification of Atmospheric Transport of Biomass Burning Products." AGU Chapman Conference on Biomass Burning and Global Change, March 13-17, 1995, Williamsburg, Virginia.
10. R. J. Swap, M. Garstang, S. A. Macko, P. D. Tyson and P. Kallberg, "Contributions of Biomass Burning Emissions vs. Biogenic Emissions to the Tropical South Atlantic." AGU Chapman Conference on Biomass Burning and Global Change, March 13-17, 1995, Williamsburg, Virginia.
11. P. D. Tyson, M. Garstang, R. J. Swap, M. Edwards, P. Kallberg and E. V. Browell, "Horizontal and Vertical Transports of Aerosols and Trace Gases from Southern Africa: Implications for Global Change." AGU Chapman Conference on Biomass Burning and Global Change, March 13-17, 1995, Williamsburg, Virginia.
12. V. C. Turekian, S. A. Macko, W. Gilhooly, R. J. Swap, D. C. Ballentine, and M. Garstang, "Bulk and Molecular Level Isotope Analysis of Products of Vegetation Burns." AGU Chapman Conference on Biomass Burning and Global Change, March 13-17, 1995, Williamsburg, Virginia.
13. W. P. Gilhooly, D. J. Verardo, S. A. Macko, V. C. Turekian, R. J. Swap and M. Garstang, "Stable Isotopic Analysis of Charcoal from Controlled and Natural Burns." AGU Chapman Conference on Biomass Burning and Global Change, March 13-17, 1995, Williamsburg, Virginia.
14. R.J. Swap, M. Garstang, P.D. Tyson, P. Kallberg, S.A. Macko, W. Maenhaut, and R. Talbot, "Transport and Deposition of Southern African Aerosols." Sixth Symposium on Global Change Studies, 75th Annual Meeting of the American Meteorological Society, January 15-20, 1995, Dallas, Texas.
15. M. Garstang, R.J. Swap, P.D. Tyson, and P. Kallberg, "Large Scale Transports of Biogenic and Biomass Burning Products Over Southern Africa." Sixth Symposium on Global Change Studies, 75th Annual Meeting of the American Meteorological Society, January 15-20, 1995, Dallas, Texas.
16. R.J. Swap, S.A. Macko, M. Garstang, W. Maenhaut, and R. Talbot, "Correlation of the Geochemistry and Meteorology of Southern African Aerosols." Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p. 137, San Francisco, CA., December, 1994.
17. R.J. Swap, S.A. Macko, M. Garstang, R. Talbot, W. Maenhaut, and P. Artaxo, "The Exploration of Combined Geochemical Techniques as Indicators of Aerosol Sources and Source Regions." 1994 Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America Proceedings, p. 359, Seattle, Washington, October 24-27, 1994.
18. V. Turekian, S.A. Macko, R. Swap, M. Garstang, and W. Gilhooly, "Bulk and Compound Specific Isotopes as Tracers of Biomass Burning." 1994 Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America Proceedings, p. 164, Seattle, Washington, October 24-27, 1994.
19. P.D. Tyson, M. Garstang, R. Swap, M. Edwards and P. Kallberg, "An air transport climatology for southern Africa." Eleventh Annual Conference of the South African Society for Atmospheric Sciences Conference, Conference Proceedings, p.8, Unveristy of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 12-13 October, 1994.
20. R. Swap, "The Use of Stable Isotopes and Windfield Analyses as Indicators of Airmass Source Regions." NATO Advanced Study Institute on Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change, October 11-15, 1994, Algarve, Portugal.
21. R. Swap, M. Garstang, S.A. Macko, R. Talbot, P. Artaxo, and P. Kallberg, "The Long-Range Transport of Southern African Aerosols to the Tropical South Atlantic." Fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p.129, San Francisco, CA., December, 1993.
22. M.O. Andreae, T.W. Andreae, W. Elbert, G.W. Harris, F.G. Wienhold, T. Zenker, H. Annegarn, F. Beer, H. Cachier, W. Maenhaut, and R. Swap, "Airborne Studies of Aerosol Emissions From Savanna Fires in Southern Africa." Fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p.128, San Francisco, CA., December, 1993.
23. R. Swap and S. Ulanski, "Atmospheric Deposition of North African Eolian Material Over the Southern Sargasso Sea: Implications for New Production." Spring meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p. 70, Baltimore, MD., April, 1993.
24. S. Ulanski, R. Swap, and M. Cobbett, "Aerosol Event Distribution Over the Tropical North Atlantic as Determined From NOAA AVHRR Data." Spring meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p. 271, Baltimore, MD., April, 1993.
25. R. Swap, S. Greco, M. Garstang, and P. Kallberg, "Saharan Dust Transport into the Central Amazon Basin." AMS 19th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology Proceedings, pp.77-80, Miami, Fl., May 6 -10, 1991.
26. R. Swap, S. Greco, M. Garstang, and P. Kallberg, "Long Range Transport of Saharan Dust into the Central Amazon Basin over 10- 14 Days." AMS 71st Annual and the Seventh Joint Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology with AWMA Proceedings, pp.20-23, New Orleans, La., January 14 - 18, 1991.
27. R. Swap, S. Greco, M. Garstang, M.O. Andreae, R.C. Harriss, R. Talbot, and P. Artaxo, "The Nature and Origin of Wet Season Rainfall over the Central Amazon Basin." AMS Third International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography Proceedings, pp.216-217, Buenos Aires, Argentina, November 13 - 17, 1989.
28. S. Greco, M. Garstang, S. Ulanski, S. Houston, and R. Swap, "Local Circulations Over the Central Amazon Basin." AMS Third International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography Proceedings, pp.213-215, Buenos Aires, Argentina, November 13 - 17, 1989.
29. R. Swap, S. Greco, M. Garstang, S. Ulanski, R.C. Harriss, R. Talbot, M.O. Andreae, and P. Artaxo, "Characteristics of Rain Bearing Systems in the Central Amazon Basin." Spring meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p. 289, Baltimore, MD., April, 1989.
30. S. Ulanski, S. Greco, H. Massie, M. Garstang, and R. Swap, "Kinematic Responses to a Major Rainfall Event Over the Central Amazon Basin." Spring meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p.290, Baltimore, MD., April, 1989.
31. S. Greco, R. Swap, S. Ulanski, M. Garstang, and M. Shipham, "Intraseasonal Variability in Precipitation and Kinematics within the Amazonian Wet Season." presented at the Fifth congress of the Brazilian Meteorological Society, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, November 7 - 11, 1988.
32. R. Swap, S. Greco, M. Garstang, M. Shipham, V. Connors, and P. Artaxo, "Some Precipitation Characteristics of Central Amazonia." Spring meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p.321, Baltimore, MD., April, 1988.
33. M. Shipham, M. Garstang, S. Bachmeier, D. Cahoon, R. Swap and S. Greco ,"Satellite Rainfall Estimates Compared to Rainfall Received at the PAM-II Tower Network." Spring meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p. 321, Baltimore, MD., April, 1988.