Bob Swap, selected publications.
Refereed Journal Articles (10)
1. V.C. Turekian, S. Macko, D. Ballentine. R. Swap, and M. Garstang. 1998.
Causes of Bulk Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Fractionations in the Products
of Vegetation Burns: Laboratory Studies. Chemical Geology 152:181-192.
2. M. Garstang, W.N. Ellery, T.S. McCarthy, M.C. Scholes, R.J. Scholes, R.J.
Swap, and P.D. Tyson. 1998. The Contribution of Aerosol and Water-borne Nutrients
to the Functioning of the Okavango Delta Ecosystem. South African Journal
of Science 94:203-208.
3. P.D. Tyson, M. Garstang and R. Swap. 1996. Large-Scale Recirculation of
Air over Southern Africa." J. of Appl. Meteor. 35: 2218-2236.
4. R.J. Swap, M. Garstang, S.A. Macko, P.D. Tyson, W. Maenhaut, P. Artaxo,
P. Kallberg, and R. Talbot. 1996. The Long Range Transport of Southern African
Aerosols to the Tropical South Atlantic. Journal of Geophysical Research
101:23,777-23,791.
5. M. Garstang, P.D. Tyson, R. Swap, M. Edwards, P. Kallberg, and J.A. Lindesay.
1996. Horizontal and Vertical Transport of Air Over Southern Africa. Journal
of Geophysical Research. 101:23,777-23,791.
6. P. D. Tyson, M. Garstang, R. J. Swap, and P. Kallberg. 1996. An Air Parcel
Transport Climatology for Subtropical Southern Africa. International Journal
of Climatology 16:265-291.
7. R. J. Swap, S. L. Ulanski, M. Cobbett, and M. Garstang. 1996. Temporal
and Spatial Characteristics of Saharan Dust Outbreaks. Journal of Geophysical
Research 101:4205-4220.
8. R. Swap, M. Garstang, S. Greco, R. Talbot and P. Kallberg. 1991. Saharan
Dust in the Amazon Basin. Tellus 44(B):133-149.
9. S. Greco, R. Swap, M. Garstang et al. 1990. Rainfall and Surface Kinematic
Conditions Over Central Amazonia During ABLE-2B. Journal of Geophysical Research
95:17,001 - 17,014.
10. M. Garstang, S. Ulanski, S. Greco, J. Scala, R. Swap, et al. 1990 The
Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment (ABLE 2B): A Meteorological Perspective.
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 71:19-32.
1. R. J. Swap, M. Garstang, S. A. Macko, P. D. Tyson, and P. Kallberg. 1996.
Comparisons of Biomass Burning Emissions and Biogenic Emissions to the Tropical
South Atlantic. (pp. 396-401). ). In: Biomass Burning and Global Change.
Volume 1. (J. S. Levine, ed.),. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
2. M. Garstang, P. D. Tyson, E. V. Browell, and R. Swap. 1996. Large-scale
Transports of Biogenic and Biomass Burning Products. (pp 389-395). In: Biomass
Burning and Global Change. Volume 1. (J. S. Levine, ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge,
Massachusetts.
3. P. D. Tyson, M. Garstang, R. J. Swap, E. V. Browell, R. D. Diab, and A.
M. Thompson. 1996. Transport and Vertical Structure of Ozone and Aerosol
Distributions over Southern Africa. (pp. 403-421) ). In: Biomass Burning
and Global Change. (J. S. Levine, ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge,
Massachusetts.
4. W. P. Gilhooly, S. A. Macko, V. C. Turekian, R. J. Swap, M. Garstang,
and W. F. Ruddiman. 1996. Stable Carbon Isotopic Analysis of Charcoal from
Single Plant Sources. (pp 466-471). In: Biomass Burning and Global Change.
Volume 1. (J. S. Levine, ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
5. V. C. Turekian, S. A. Macko, W. P. Gilhooly, D. C. Ballentine, R. J. Swap,
and M. Garstang. 1996. Bulk and Compound Specific Isotopic Characterization
of the Products of Biomass Burning: Laboratory Studies. (pp. 422-427). In:
Biomass Burning and Global Change. Volume 1. (J. S. Levine, ed.). MIT Press,
Cambridge, Massachusetts.
6. M. Garstang, C. Cosgrove, R. Swap, and S. Greco. 1988. Estimation of Tropical
Rainfall. (pp.425-432). In: Tropical Rainfall Measurements. (J.S. Theon and
N. Fugono, eds.), A. Deepak Publishing.
1. L. Gu, J.D. Fuentes, H.H. Shugart, R. Swap. "Increases in Cloudiness and
Aerosol Concentration Enhance Vegetation Photosynthesis: Implications for
Global Carbon Cycle." Submitted to Nature, September 1998.
2. R. Swap, M. Garstang, S. Piketh, S. Mason and V. Connors. "Observations
of CO at Midtropospheric Levels over the South Atlantic and Adjacent Continents."
Submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, August 1998.
3. R.J. Swap and P.D. Tyson. "Stable Discontinuities as Determinants of the
Vertical Distribution of Aerosols and Trace Gases in the Atmosphere." Submitted
to South African Journal of Science, June 1998.
4. O. E. Romero, C. B. Lange, R.J. Swap and G. Wefer. "Eolian-transported
Freshwater Diatoms and Phytoliths across the Equatorial Atlantic Record Temporal
Changes in Saharan Dust Transport Patterns." Submitted to Journal of Geophysical
Research - Oceans, May 1998.
5. S.J. Piketh, R.J. Swap, C.A. Anderson, P. D'Abreton, P.D. Tyson, H.J.
Annegarn, and G. Held. "The Ben MacDhui High Altitude Trace Gas and Aerosol
Transport Experiment." submitted to South African Journal of Science, December
1997.
1. Swap, R, Tyson, P., and Garstang, M. 1998. Smoke, smog and airmass residence
time over southern Africa, in M. J. Wilkinson (ed.) Atmospheric Phenomena-An
Astronaut Training Manual, section 5, NASA-Johnson Space Center Document
JSC - 26979, pp. 176-198.
2. C. Justice, B. Swap, H. Annegarn and M. Scholes. 1998. "SAFARI-2000 A
Southern African Regional Science Initiative." IGBP Global Change Newsletter,
No. 35, pp. 18-20.
Conference Presentations and Proceedings (33)
1. Piketh, S.J., Tyson, P.D., Annegarn, H.J., Maenhaut, W. and Swap, R.J.,
"Lower-Tropospheric Aerosol Loadings over South Africa: The Relative Impacts
of Aeolian Dust, Industrial Emissions and Biomass Burning." CACGP/IGAC Symposium,
Seattle, Washington, 19-25 August 1998.
2. R.J. Swap, M. Garstang, W.N. Ellery, T.S. McCarthy, M.C. Scholes, R.J.
Scholes and P.D. Tyson, "The Contribution of Aerosol and Water-borne Nutrients
to the Functioning of the Okavango Delta Ecosystem, Botswana, Workshop on
the Inverse Methods in Global Biogeochemcial Cycles, Heraklion, Greece, March
16-20, 1998.
3. Piketh, S.J., Formenti, P., Tyson, P.D., Swap, R.J., Annegarn, H.J. and
Maenhaut, W., "Subcontinental scale transport of aerosols over southern Africa."
IAMAS-IAPSO Conference, Presentation, Melbourne, Australia, 1-9 July, 1997.
4. R. J. Swap, S. J. Piketh, C. A. Anderson, R. W. Talbot, and S. A. Macko,
"Southern African atmospheric transports and surface particulate chemistry
at a remote site - implications for aerosol characterization." 5th International
Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography, Pretoria,
South Africa, April 7-11, 1997.
5. S. J. Piketh, P. Formenti, R. J. Swap, C. Anderson, P. D. Tyson and H.
J. Annegarn, "Identification and transport of industrial aerosols at a remote
site in South Africa." 5th International Conference on Southern Hemisphere
Meteorology and Oceanography, Pretoria, South Africa, April 7-11, 1997.
6. R. J. Swap, S. J. Piketh, C. A. Anderson, R. W. Talbot and S. A. Macko,
"Surface Aerosol Characteristics and Transports at a Remote Site in Southern
Africa." Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, San
Francisco, CA., December, 1996.
7. S. J. Piketh, P. Formenti, R. J. Swap, C. A. Anderson, P. D. Tyson, H.
J. Annegarn and W. Maenhaut, "Identification and Transport of Industrial
Aerosols at a Remote South African Site." Fall Meeting of the American
Geophysical Union Proceedings, San Francisco, CA., December, 1996.
8. R. J. Swap, S. J. Piketh and C. Anderson, "Correlation between synoptic
transports and surface particulate chemistry." Thirteenth Annual Conference
of the South African Society for Atmospheric Sciences Conference, Conference
Proceedings, Cape Town, South Africa, 31 October - 1 November, 1996.
9. M. Garstang, P. D. Tyson, E. Browell and R. Swap, "Determination and
Verification of Atmospheric Transport of Biomass Burning Products." AGU Chapman
Conference on Biomass Burning and Global Change, March 13-17, 1995, Williamsburg,
Virginia.
10. R. J. Swap, M. Garstang, S. A. Macko, P. D. Tyson and P. Kallberg,
"Contributions of Biomass Burning Emissions vs. Biogenic Emissions to the
Tropical South Atlantic." AGU Chapman Conference on Biomass Burning and Global
Change, March 13-17, 1995, Williamsburg, Virginia.
11. P. D. Tyson, M. Garstang, R. J. Swap, M. Edwards, P. Kallberg and E.
V. Browell, "Horizontal and Vertical Transports of Aerosols and Trace Gases
from Southern Africa: Implications for Global Change." AGU Chapman Conference
on Biomass Burning and Global Change, March 13-17, 1995, Williamsburg,
Virginia.
12. V. C. Turekian, S. A. Macko, W. Gilhooly, R. J. Swap, D. C. Ballentine,
and M. Garstang, "Bulk and Molecular Level Isotope Analysis of Products of
Vegetation Burns." AGU Chapman Conference on Biomass Burning and Global Change,
March 13-17, 1995, Williamsburg, Virginia.
13. W. P. Gilhooly, D. J. Verardo, S. A. Macko, V. C. Turekian, R. J. Swap
and M. Garstang, "Stable Isotopic Analysis of Charcoal from Controlled and
Natural Burns." AGU Chapman Conference on Biomass Burning and Global Change,
March 13-17, 1995, Williamsburg, Virginia.
14. R.J. Swap, M. Garstang, P.D. Tyson, P. Kallberg, S.A. Macko, W. Maenhaut,
and R. Talbot, "Transport and Deposition of Southern African Aerosols." Sixth
Symposium on Global Change Studies, 75th Annual Meeting of the American
Meteorological Society, January 15-20, 1995, Dallas, Texas.
15. M. Garstang, R.J. Swap, P.D. Tyson, and P. Kallberg, "Large Scale Transports
of Biogenic and Biomass Burning Products Over Southern Africa." Sixth Symposium
on Global Change Studies, 75th Annual Meeting of the American Meteorological
Society, January 15-20, 1995, Dallas, Texas.
16. R.J. Swap, S.A. Macko, M. Garstang, W. Maenhaut, and R. Talbot, "Correlation
of the Geochemistry and Meteorology of Southern African Aerosols." Fall Meeting
of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p. 137, San Francisco, CA.,
December, 1994.
17. R.J. Swap, S.A. Macko, M. Garstang, R. Talbot, W. Maenhaut, and P. Artaxo,
"The Exploration of Combined Geochemical Techniques as Indicators of Aerosol
Sources and Source Regions." 1994 Annual Meeting of the Geological Society
of America Proceedings, p. 359, Seattle, Washington, October 24-27, 1994.
18. V. Turekian, S.A. Macko, R. Swap, M. Garstang, and W. Gilhooly, "Bulk
and Compound Specific Isotopes as Tracers of Biomass Burning." 1994 Annual
Meeting of the Geological Society of America Proceedings, p. 164, Seattle,
Washington, October 24-27, 1994.
19. P.D. Tyson, M. Garstang, R. Swap, M. Edwards and P. Kallberg, "An air
transport climatology for southern Africa." Eleventh Annual Conference of
the South African Society for Atmospheric Sciences Conference, Conference
Proceedings, p.8, Unveristy of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 12-13 October,
1994.
20. R. Swap, "The Use of Stable Isotopes and Windfield Analyses as Indicators
of Airmass Source Regions." NATO Advanced Study Institute on Sediment Records
of Biomass Burning and Global Change, October 11-15, 1994, Algarve,
Portugal.
21. R. Swap, M. Garstang, S.A. Macko, R. Talbot, P. Artaxo, and P. Kallberg,
"The Long-Range Transport of Southern African Aerosols to the Tropical South
Atlantic." Fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p.129,
San Francisco, CA., December, 1993.
22. M.O. Andreae, T.W. Andreae, W. Elbert, G.W. Harris, F.G. Wienhold, T.
Zenker, H. Annegarn, F. Beer, H. Cachier, W. Maenhaut, and R. Swap, "Airborne
Studies of Aerosol Emissions From Savanna Fires in Southern Africa." Fall
meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p.128, San Francisco,
CA., December, 1993.
23. R. Swap and S. Ulanski, "Atmospheric Deposition of North African Eolian
Material Over the Southern Sargasso Sea: Implications for New Production."
Spring meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p. 70, Baltimore,
MD., April, 1993.
24. S. Ulanski, R. Swap, and M. Cobbett, "Aerosol Event Distribution Over
the Tropical North Atlantic as Determined From NOAA AVHRR Data." Spring meeting
of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p. 271, Baltimore, MD., April,
1993.
25. R. Swap, S. Greco, M. Garstang, and P. Kallberg, "Saharan Dust Transport
into the Central Amazon Basin." AMS 19th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical
Meteorology Proceedings, pp.77-80, Miami, Fl., May 6 -10, 1991.
26. R. Swap, S. Greco, M. Garstang, and P. Kallberg, "Long Range Transport
of Saharan Dust into the Central Amazon Basin over 10- 14 Days." AMS 71st
Annual and the Seventh Joint Conference on Applications of Air Pollution
Meteorology with AWMA Proceedings, pp.20-23, New Orleans, La., January 14
- 18, 1991.
27. R. Swap, S. Greco, M. Garstang, M.O. Andreae, R.C. Harriss, R. Talbot,
and P. Artaxo, "The Nature and Origin of Wet Season Rainfall over the Central
Amazon Basin." AMS Third International Conference on Southern Hemisphere
Meteorology and Oceanography Proceedings, pp.216-217, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
November 13 - 17, 1989.
28. S. Greco, M. Garstang, S. Ulanski, S. Houston, and R. Swap, "Local
Circulations Over the Central Amazon Basin." AMS Third International Conference
on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography Proceedings, pp.213-215,
Buenos Aires, Argentina, November 13 - 17, 1989.
29. R. Swap, S. Greco, M. Garstang, S. Ulanski, R.C. Harriss, R. Talbot,
M.O. Andreae, and P. Artaxo, "Characteristics of Rain Bearing Systems in
the Central Amazon Basin." Spring meeting of the American Geophysical Union
Proceedings, p. 289, Baltimore, MD., April, 1989.
30. S. Ulanski, S. Greco, H. Massie, M. Garstang, and R. Swap, "Kinematic
Responses to a Major Rainfall Event Over the Central Amazon Basin." Spring
meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p.290, Baltimore,
MD., April, 1989.
31. S. Greco, R. Swap, S. Ulanski, M. Garstang, and M. Shipham, "Intraseasonal
Variability in Precipitation and Kinematics within the Amazonian Wet Season."
presented at the Fifth congress of the Brazilian Meteorological Society,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, November 7 - 11, 1988.
32. R. Swap, S. Greco, M. Garstang, M. Shipham, V. Connors, and P. Artaxo,
"Some Precipitation Characteristics of Central Amazonia." Spring meeting
of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings, p.321, Baltimore, MD., April,
1988.
33. M. Shipham, M. Garstang, S. Bachmeier, D. Cahoon, R. Swap and S. Greco
,"Satellite Rainfall Estimates Compared to Rainfall Received at the PAM-II
Tower Network." Spring meeting of the American Geophysical Union Proceedings,
p. 321, Baltimore, MD., April, 1988.